A condução do bem viver na velhice: um ensaio sobre ética, felicidade e morte / The conduct of living well in the elderly: an essay on ethics, happiness, and death

A intenção do presente trabalho é propor uma reflexão crítica acerca de como a condução do bem viver deve ser também pensada para a fase final da vida humana: a velhice. Este ensaio tem como princípio epistemológico um sentido interdisciplinar que combina, em seu desenvolvimento, uma abordagem histórico-filosófica voltada para a busca da felicidade por meio da ética, com preocupações por parte da psicologia da educação direcionadas ao idoso, além de valorizar o papel da arte na organização existencial do ser humano. Conclui-se ser necessário resgatar a ideia de que a vida pode ser bela a qualquer tempo; o que depende, em grande medida, da postura de quem a vive.

The intention of this work is to propose a critical reflection about how driving the good life, and this must also be conceived for the final phase of human life: the old age. This essay has an epistemological principle an interdisciplinary sense that combines, in its development, a historical-philosophical approach toward the pursuit of happiness through the ethics, with concerns from the educational psychology directed to the elderly, besides to enhancing the role of art in the existential organization of the human being. It is concluded to be necessary to rescue the idea that life can be beautiful at any time; it depends on a large extent of the attitude of one who lives.

[Social determinants and adult oral health in Brazilian state capitals]. / Determinantes sociais e saúde bucal de adultos nas capitais do Brasil.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the correlation between the social determinants of oral health (SDOH) index and social indicators, indicators of oral health, and intermediary social determinants expressed by the indicators of the Government of Brazil's National Oral Health Policy. METHODS: This ecological study included 5 915 adults aged 35 to 44 years from 27 Brazilian capitals. Indicators of oral health outcomes-tooth loss, restored teeth, and dental care index (DCI)-were extracted from the 2010 National Oral Health Survey. Social indicators (structural social determinants) and indicators of the National Oral Health Policy were obtained from census data and from the Ministry of Health. RESULTS: A moderate Pearson correlation (r) was observed between SDOH and DCI (r = 0.580), restored teeth (r = 0.545), and tooth loss (r = - 0.490). The social equity component was strongly correlated to DCI (r = 0.856), restored teeth (r = 0.822), and tooth loss (r = - 0.665). These oral health outcomes were not statistically associated with the components related to primary and secondary oral health care. The social equity component explained 44% of the variance in tooth loss, 68% of the variance in the number of restored teeth, and 73% of the variance in DCI. CONCLUSIONS: A significant correlation was observed between SDOH and the social equity component with oral health outcomes in adults in Brazilian capitals. Therefore, equity policies should prioritize actions focused on the SDOH, such as increased sanitation coverage and water fluoridation, and on reducing poverty and regional inequities.

Determinantes sociais e saúde bucal de adultos nas capitais do Brasil / Social determinants and adult oral health in Brazilian state capitals

OBJETIVO: Investigar a correlação entre o índice Determinantes Sociais de Saúde Bucal (DSSB) e indicadores sociais, indicadores de saúde bucal e determinantes sociais intermediários, representados pelos indicadores da Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal. MÉTODOS: Este estudo ecológico abrangeu 5 915 adultos de 35 a 44 anos em 27 capitais no Brasil. Os indicadores de desfechos em saúde bucal - perda dentária, dentes restaurados e Índice de Cuidados Odontológicos (ICO) - foram obtidos do levantamento epidemiológico SB Brasil 2010. Os indicadores sociais (determinantes sociais estruturais) e da Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal foram obtidos de censos demográficos e do Ministério da Saúde. RESULTADOS: Uma correlação de Pearson (r) moderada foi observada entre o índice DSSB e ICO (r = 0,580), dentes restaurados (r = 0,545) e perda dentária (r = - 0,490). Houve uma correlação forte do componente equidade social com o ICO (r = 0,856), dentes restaurados (r = 0,822) e perda dentária (r = -0,665). Não houve associação estatisticamente significativa desses desfechos em saúde bucal com os componentes relativos à atenção primária e secundária à saúde bucal. O componente equidade social explicou 44% da variância da perda dentária, 68% da variância de dentes restaurados e 73% da variância do ICO. CONCLUSÕES: O índice DSSB e seu componente equidade social se correlacionaram significativamente com desfechos em saúde bucal de adultos nas capitais brasileiras. Portanto, políticas equitativas devem priorizar ações direcionadas aos DSSB, tais como ampliação da cobertura de saneamento e de água fluoretada, e redução da pobreza e das iniquidades regionais.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the correlation between the social determinants of oral health (SDOH) index and social indicators, indicators of oral health, and intermediary social determinants expressed by the indicators of the Government of Brazil's National Oral Health Policy. METHODS: This ecological study included 5 915 adults aged 35 to 44 years from 27 Brazilian capitals. Indicators of oral health outcomes-tooth loss, restored teeth, and dental care index (DCI)-were extracted from the 2010 National Oral Health Survey. Social indicators (structural social determinants) and indicators of the National Oral Health Policy were obtained from census data and from the Ministry of Health. RESULTS: A moderate Pearson correlation (r) was observed between SDOH and DCI (r = 0.580), restored teeth (r = 0.545), and tooth loss (r = - 0.490). The social equity component was strongly correlated to DCI (r = 0.856), restored teeth (r = 0.822), and tooth loss (r = - 0.665). These oral health outcomes were not statistically associated with the components related to primary and secondary oral health care. The social equity component explained 44% of the variance in tooth loss, 68% of the variance in the number of restored teeth, and 73% of the variance in DCI. CONCLUSIONS: A significant correlation was observed between SDOH and the social equity component with oral health outcomes in adults in Brazilian capitals. Therefore, equity policies should prioritize actions focused on the SDOH, such as increased sanitation coverage and water fluoridation, and on reducing poverty and regional inequities.

Governança, sustentabilidade e equidade no plano de saúde de São José dos Pinhais, Brasil / Governance, sustainability, and equity in the health program for the municipality of São José dos Pinhais, Brazil

OBJETIVO: Analisar o Relatório Final da VIII Conferência de Saúde e o Plano Municipal de Saúde de São José dos Pinhais 2010-2013 e verificar se esses documentos contemplaram os temas sustentabilidade, governança e equidade e as interfaces entre esses temas - políticas de governo e estado, balanço de poder e processo inclusivo e resultados impactantes -, que compõem um Modelo Conceitual para Desenvolvimento Humano e Promoção da Saúde proposto pelos autores. MÉTODOS: Neste estudo de caso, foram analisadas as 331 propostas aprovadas para incorporação no Plano Municipal de Saúde. Foram analisadas as seis categorias temáticas do Modelo Conceitual para Desenvolvimento Humano e Promoção da Saúde pelo programa ATLAS Ti 5.0. As propostas foram classificadas pelo número de temas e interfaces do Modelo Conceitual: propostas plenas de promoção de saúde continham as seis categorias de conceitos e interfaces; propostas de promoção parcial continham três categorias; e propostas incipientes continham uma categoria. RESULTADOS: Das 331 propostas aprovadas, 162 (49%) contemplaram as seis categorias temáticas, sendo classificadas como propostas plenas de promoção da saúde. Noventa e cinco (29%) contemplaram três categorias, sendo classificadas como de parcial promoção da saúde. Dessas, 38 (12%) contemplaram as categorias governança, sustentabilidade e políticas de governo/estado, 33 (10%) contemplaram governança, balanço de poder e equidade e 24 (7%) contemplaram equidade, processo inclusivo/resultados impactantes e sustentabilidade. Finalmente, 74 (22%) propostas contemplaram uma categoria, sendo classificadas como proposta de incipiente promoção da saúde: 36 (11%) contemplaram governança, 27 (8%) contemplaram sustentabilidade e 11 (3%) contemplaram equidade. CONCLUSÕES: Tendo em vista que 49% das propostas foram classificadas como de promoção plena da saúde, o controle social, a partir da participação popular na construção do plano de saúde, contribuiu para a promoção da saúde no município.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the Final Report of the VIII Health Conference and the São José dos Pinhais City Health Program for 2010-2013 and investigate whether these documents addressed the themes of sustainability, governance, and equity and the interfaces between these themes-government policies, power balance, and inclusive processes/impacting results-that make up the Concept Model for Human Development and Health Promotion developed by the authors. METHOD: This case study analyzed 331 proposals approved for incorporation in the City Health Program. The six thematical categories of the Concept Model were analyzed using ATLAS Ti 5.0 software. The proposals were classified according to the number of themes and interfaces of the Concept Model: full health proposals contained all six categories; partial proposals contained three categories; and incipient proposals contained one category. RESULTS: Of 331 proposals approved, 162 (49%) contemplated the six thematical categories and were classified as full health promotion proposals. Ninety-five (29%) contemplated three categories (partial health promotion). Of these, 38 (12%) addressed Governance, Sustainability, and Government Policies, 33 (10%) addressed Governance, Power Balance, and Equity and 24 (7%) addressed Equity, Inclusive Processes/Impact Results, and Sustainability. Finally, 74 (22%) proposals contemplated only one category and were classified as incipient: 36 (11%) addressed Governance, 27 (8%) addressed sustainability, and 11 (3%) addressed equity. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the fact that 49% of the proposals approved were classified as full health promotion, it is considered that the effectiveness of social control and popular participation in the construction of health policies at the local level contritute to the promotion of health in the city.

[Governance, sustainability, and equity in the health program for the municipality of São José dos Pinhais, Brazil]. / Governança, sustentabilidade e equidade no plano de saúde de São José dos Pinhais, Brasil.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the Final Report of the VIII Health Conference and the São José dos Pinhais City Health Program for 2010-2013 and investigate whether these documents addressed the themes of sustainability, governance, and equity and the interfaces between these themes--government policies, power balance, and inclusive processes/impacting results--that make up the Concept Model for Human Development and Health Promotion developed by the authors. METHOD: This case study analyzed 331 proposals approved for incorporation in the City Health Program. The six thematical categories of the Concept Model were analyzed using ATLAS Ti 5.0 software. The proposals were classified according to the number of themes and interfaces of the Concept Model: full health proposals contained all six categories; partial proposals contained three categories; and incipient proposals contained one category. RESULTS: Of 331 proposals approved, 162 (49%) contemplated the six thematical categories and were classified as full health promotion proposals. Ninety-five (29%) contemplated three categories (partial health promotion). Of these, 38 (12%) addressed Governance, Sustainability, and Government Policies, 33 (10%) addressed Governance, Power Balance, and Equity and 24 (7%) addressed Equity, Inclusive Processes/Impact Results, and Sustainability. Finally, 74 (22%) proposals contemplated only one category and were classified as incipient: 36 (11%) addressed Governance, 27 (8%) addressed sustainability, and 11 (3%) addressed equity. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the fact that 49% of the proposals approved were classified as full health promotion, it is considered that the effectiveness of social control and popular participation in the construction of health policies at the local level contritute to the promotion of health in the city.

A condução do bem viver na velhice: um ensaio sobre ética, felicidade e morte / The conduct of living well in the elderly: an essay on ethics, happiness, and death

A intenção do presente trabalho é propor uma reflexão crítica acerca de como a condução do bem viver deve ser também pensada para a fase final da vida humana: a velhice. Este ensaio tem como princípio epistemológico um sentido interdisciplinar que combina, em seu desenvolvimento, uma abordagem histórico-filosófica voltada para a busca da felicidade por meio da ética, com preocupações por parte da psicologia da educação direcionadas ao idoso, além de valorizar o papel da arte na organização existencial do ser humano. Conclui-se ser necessário resgatar a ideia de que a vida pode ser bela a qualquer tempo; o que depende, em grande medida, da postura de quem a vive.(AU)

The intention of this work is to propose a critical reflection about how driving the good life, and this must also be conceived for the final phase of human life: the old age. This essay has an epistemological principle an interdisciplinary sense that combines, in its development, a historical-philosophical approach toward the pursuit of happiness through the ethics, with concerns from the educational psychology directed to the elderly, besides to enhancing the role of art in the existential organization of the human being. It is concluded to be necessary to rescue the idea that life can be beautiful at any time; it depends on a large extent of the attitude of one who lives.(AU)